make an interpretation

[ɪnˌtɜːprɪ'teɪʃ(ə)n]

* * *
соглашение, договор: взаимное соглашение двух дееспособных сторон, которое обычно ведет к контракту между ними, описывающему условия и детали тех или иных действий, имеющих четкие юридические последствия.

abandon the takeoff abeam the left pilot position abeam the right pilot position abort the flight abort the takeoff above the glide slope absorb the shock energy accelerate the rotor accelerate to the speed adhere to the flight plan adhere to the track adjust the cable adjust the compass adjust the engine adjust the heading advice to follow the controller's advance affect the regularity affect the safety align the aircraft align the aircraft with the center line align the aircraft with the runway alter the heading amplify the signal apparent drift of the gyro apply the brake approach the beam approve the limitations approve the tariff area of coverage of the forecasts arrest the development of the stall arrive over the aerodrome assess the damage assess the distance assess the suitability assume the control attain the power attain the speed at the end of at the end of segment (полета) at the end of stroke (поршня) at the ground level at the start of cycle at the start of segment (полета) avoid the obstacle backward movement of the stick balance the aircraft balance the control surface balance the propeller bear on the accident before the turbine below the glide slope below the landing minima bend the cotterpin ends be off the track be on the level on the hour block the brake boundary of the area brake the propeller break the journey bring the aircraft back bring the aircraft out by altering the heading cage the gyroscope calibrate the compass calibrate the indicator calibrate the system calibrate the tank cancel the drift cancel the flight cancel the forecast cancel the signal capture the beam carry out a circuit of the aerodrome carry out the flight center the autopilot center the wiper change the frequency change the pitch change the track check the reading chop the power circle the aerodrome clean the aircraft clean up the crack clearance of the aircraft clearance over the threshold clear for the left-hand turn clear the aircraft clear the obstacle clear the point clear the runway climb on the course close the buckets close the circuit close the flight come clear of the ground commence the flight commence the landing procedure compare the readings compensate the compass compensate the error compile the accident report complete the circuit complete the flight complete the flight plan complete the turn compute the visual range conditions beyond the experience conditions on the route considering the obstacles construct the procedure containerize the cargo continue operating on the fuel reserve continue the flight continue the takeoff contribute towards the safety control the aircraft control the pitch convert the frequency convey the information correct the trouble correspond with the operating minima counteract the rotor torque coverage of the chart cover the route crosscheck the readings cross the airway data on the performance decelerate in the flight decelerate the aircraft to decrease the deviation decrease the pitch decrease the speed de-energize the bus define the failure deflate the tire deflect the control surface (напр. элерон) delay the turn delimit the runway delimit the taxiway delineate the runway delineate the taxiway deliver the baggage deliver the clearance denote the obstacle denoting the obstacle depart from the rules departure from the standards depress the pedal detach the load detach the wing determinate the cause determine amount of the error determine the delay determine the extent of damage determine the friction determine the sign of deviation detract from the safety development of the stall deviate from the flight plan deviate from the glide slope deviate from the heading deviation from the course deviation from the level flight discharge the cargo disclose the fares discontinue the takeoff disengage the autopilot displace the center-of-gravity disregard the indicator disseminate the forecast drain the tank draw the conclusion drift off the course drift off the heading drop the nose duck below the glide path ease the aircraft on effect adversely the strength (напр. фюзеляжа) elevation of the strip eliminate the cause of eliminate the hazard eliminate the ice formation eliminate the source of danger (для воздушного движения) enable the aircraft to endanger the aircraft endange the safety endorse the license energize the bus enforce rules of the air engage the autopilot ensure the adequate provisions enter the aircraft enter the aircraft stand enter the airway enter the final approach track enter the spin enter the tariff into force enter the traffic circuit enter the turn entry into the aerodrome zone entry into the flare erection of the gyro establish the characteristics establish the flight conditions establish the procedure exceeding the stalling angle exceed the stop execute the manoeuvre execute the turn expedite the clearance express the altitude extend the agreement extend the landing gear extend the legs extreme aft the center-of-gravity extreme forward the center-of-gravity eye height over the threshold fail into the spin fail to follow the procedure fail to observe the limitations fail to provide the manuals fall into the spin feather the propeller file the flight plan first freedom of the air flight inbound the station flight outbound the station flight over the high seas flight under the rules fly above the weather fly at the altitude fly into the sun fly into the wind fly on the autopilot fly on the course fly on the heading fly the aircraft 2. пилотировать воздушное судно fly the beam fly the circle fly the glide-slope beam fly the great circle fly the heading fly the rhumb line fly under the autopilot fly under the supervision of focus the light follow the beam follow the glide slope follow up the aircraft forfeit the reservation freedom of the air fuel the tank fulfil the conditions gain the air supremacy gain the altitude gain the glide path gain the power gain the speed gather the speed get into the aerodrome get on the course get the height give the way go out of the spin govern the application govern the flight govern the operation grade of the pilot licence guard the frequency handle the baggage handle the flight controls have the runway in sight head the aircraft into wind hold on the heading hold over the aids hold over the beacon hold the aircraft on the heading hold the brake hold the heading on the compass hold the position hold the speed accurately hover at the height of hovering in the ground effect identify the aerodrome from the air identify the aircraft identify the center line impair the operation impair the safety impose the limitations in computing the fuel in conformity with the specifications increase a camber of the profile increase the pitch increase the speed indicate the location from the air inherent in the aircraft initiate the turn install in the aircraft install on the aircraft intercept the beam intercept the glide slope International Relations Department of the Ministry of Civil Aviation interpretation of the signal in the case of delay in the event of a mishap in the event of malfunction introduction of the corrections issue the certificate jeopardize the flight judge the safety keep clear of the aircraft keep out of the way keep tab on the fleet keep the aircraft on keep the altitude keep the ball centered keep the pace keep to the minima kick off the drift kill the landing speed landing off the aerodrome land into the wind land the aircraft latch the pitch stop (лопасти воздушного винта) latch the propeller flight stop lateral the center-of-gravity lay the route lead in the aircraft lead out the aircraft leave the airspace leave the altitude leave the plane leave the runway level the aircraft out lie beyond the range line up the aircraft load the gear load the generator load the structure lock the landing gear lock the landing gear down lock the landing gear up lock the legs longitudinal the center-of-gravity lose the altitude lose the speed loss the control lower the landing gear lower the legs lower the nose wheel maintain the aircraft at readiness to maintain the altitude maintain the course maintain the flight level maintain the flight procedure maintain the flight watch maintain the flying speed maintain the heading maintain the parameter make a complaint against the company make the aircraft airborne make the course change make the reservation manipulate the flight controls mark the obstacle mean scale of the chart meet the airworthiness standards meet the conditions meet the specifications misjudge the distance modify the flight plan monitor the flight monitor the frequency moor the aircraft mount on the frame move off from the rest move the blades to higher move the pedal forward name-code of the route neglect the indicator note the instrument readings note the time observe the conditions observe the instruments observe the readings obtain the correct path obtain the flying speed obtain the forecast offer the capacity off-load the pump on the base leg on the beam on the cross-wind leg on the down-wind leg on the eastbound leg on the final leg on the left base leg on the speed on the upwind leg open the buckets open the circuit open the door inward outward operate from the aerodrome operate under the conditions overcome the obstacle overcome the spring force overflying the runway overpower the autopilot overrun the runway overshoot capture of the glide slope over the territory over the top over the wing park in the baggage participation in the investigation passing over the runway pass the signal past the turbine perform the service bulletin pick up the signal pick up the speed pilot on the controls pitch the nose downward place the aircraft place the flaps in plane of symmetry of the aeroplane plot the aircraft potential hazard to the safe power the bus present the minimum hazard preserve the clearance pressurize the bearing produce the signal profitability over the route prolongation of the rating properly identify the aircraft protect the circuit prove the system pull out of the spin pull the aircraft out of pull the control column back pull the control stick back pull up the helicopter puncture the tire push the aircraft back push the aircraft down push the control column push the control stick put into the spin put on the course put the aircraft into production put the aircraft on the course put the aircraft over raise the landing gear reach the altitude reach the flight level reach the glide path reach the speed reach the stalling angle read the drift angle read the instruments receive the signal record the readings recover from the spin recover from the turn recovery from the manoeuvre recovery from the stall recovery from the turn rectify the compass reduce the hazard reestablish the track regain the glide path regain the speed regain the track register the aircraft release the aircraft release the landing gear release the landing gear lock release the load release the uplock relocate the plane's trim remedy the defect remedy the trouble remove the aircraft remove the crack remove the tangle render the certificate renew the license renew the rating replan the flight report reaching the altitude report reaching the flight level report the heading reset the gyroscope restart the engine in flight restore the system restrict the operations resume the flight resume the journey retain the lever retract the landing gear return the aircraft to service reverse the propeller roll in the aircraft roll into the turn roll left on the heading roll on the aircraft roll on the course roll out of the turn roll out on the heading roll out the aircraft roll right on the heading rotate the aircraft rotate the bogie rules of the air run fluid through the system run off the runway run out the landing gear schedule the performances seat the brush second freedom of the air secure the mishap site select the course select the flight route select the frequency select the heading select the mode select the track angle separate the aircraft serve out the service life set at the desired angle set the course set the flaps at set the heading set the propeller pitch set the throttle lever set up the speed shift the center-of-gravity shop out the skin simulate the instruments responses slacken the cable slave the gyroscope smooth on the heading smooth out the crack smooth out the dent smooth the signal space the aircraft spin the gyro rotor state instituting the investigation (авиационного происшествия) state submitting the report (об авиационном происшествии) steady airflow about the wing steer the aircraft stop the crack propagation stop the leakage submit the flight plan substitute the aircraft supervision approved by the State supply the signal swing the compass swing the door open switch to the autopilot switch to the proper tank takeoff into the wind take off power to the shaft take over the control take the bearing take the energy from take the readings take the taxiway take up the backlash take up the position tap air from the compressor terminate the agreement terminate the control terminate the flight test in the wind tunnel test the system the aircraft under command the route to be flown the route to be followed the runway is clear the runway is not clear the search is terminated through on the same flight throughout the service life tighten the turn time in the air time the valves titl of the gyro to define the airspace transfer the control transit to the climb speed trim the aircraft turn into the wind turn off the system turn on the system turn the proper tank on unarm the system uncage the gyroscope unfeather the propeller unlatch the landing gear unlatch the pitch stop (лопасти воздушного винта) unstall the aircraft unstick the aircraft uplift the freight violate the law wander off the course warn the aircraft wind the generator with decrease in the altitude withdraw from the agreement with increase in the altitude within the frame of within the range withstand the load work on the aircraft write down the readings

- abortive treaty
- abrogation of a treaty - Antarctic treaty
- antiballistic missile treaty - arms-control treaty
- article of a treaty
- basic treaty
- bilateral treaty - boundary treaty
- broad interpretation of a treaty
- by virtue of a treaty
- cancellation of a treaty
- CFCE
- circumvention of a treaty
- clause of a treaty
- closed treaty
- collapse of a treaty
- collusive treaty
- commercial treaty
- compliance with a treaty
- comprehensive arms control treaty
- Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
- comprehensive treaty
- conclusion of a treaty
- consular treaty
- contravention of a treaty
- Conventional Force in Central Europe treaty
- Conventional Force in Europe treaty
- conventional force treaty
- cooperation treaty
- crucial foreign treaty
- CTBT
- delay over the ratification of a treaty
- demarcation treaty - draft treaty
- duration of treaty
- enslaving treaty
- entry of the treaty into force
- equal treaty
- equitable treaty
- European security treaty
- exploitative treaty
- expulsion from a treaty
- extension of a treaty
- extradition treaty
- fettering treaty
- founder of a treaty
- friendship and brotherhood treaty
- friendship and cooperation treaty
- full member of a treaty
- guarantor of a treaty
- implementation of the treaty
- in accordance with a treaty
- in compliance with a treaty
- in the shape of a treaty
- inequitable treaty
- INF treaty
- integral part of a treaty
- inter-American treaties
- interim treaty
- intermediate-range nuclear-forces treaty
- international treaty
- interpretation of a treaty
- interstate treaties
- invalid treaty
- landmine ban treaty
- lawmaking treaty
- leak-proof treaty
- limited test ban treaty
- long-term treaty
- missile treaty
- modified draft treaty
- much delayed treaty
- multilateral treaty
- neutrality treaty
- nonaggression treaty
- nonproliferation treaty
- normalization treaty
- NPT
- nuclear nonproliferation treaty
- nuclear test ban treaty
- nuclear weapons not covered by the treaty
- nuclear-free zone treaty
- objectives and principles of the treaty
- observance of a treaty
- open treaty
- Pacific security treaty
- partial test ban treaty - permanent treaty
- phased treaty
- plunderous treaty
- preliminary treaty
- prolongation of a treaty
- provision of a treaty
- publication of a treaty
- ratification of a treaty is now in jeopardy
- ratification of a treaty
- reciprocal treaty
- regional treaty
- renunciation of a treaty
- restricted treaty
- revision of a treaty
- right to withdraw from a treaty
- secret treaty
- security treaty
- separate peace treaty
- separate treaty
- signatories to a treaty
- signatory of a treaty
- signatory to a treaty
- signing of a treaty
- state treaty
- still-extant treaty
- Strategic Arms Reduction treaty
- ten-year treaty - text of a treaty
- the Moscow Test Ban Treaty
- threshold testing ban treaty
- threshold treaty
- trade treaty
- treaty banning nuclear weapon tests in the atmosphere, in outer space and under water
- treaty broke down
- treaty comes into effect
- treaty comes into force
- treaty comes into operation
- treaty does not cover underground tests
- treaty envisages smth
- treaty establishing normal relations
- treaty excluding the use of force
- treaty for good-neighborly relations
- treaty goes to... for endorsement
- treaty governing the canal
- treaty has been warmly welcomed
- treaty in force
- treaty is due to expire in 2010
- treaty is feasible
- treaty is moribund
- treaty is still at the heart of the disagreement
- treaty is subject to ratification
- treaty limiting anti-ballistic missile systems
- treaty of accession
- treaty of alliance
- treaty of commerce and navigation
- treaty of cooperation
- treaty of extradition
- treaty of friendship
- treaty of guarantee
- treaty of mutual assistance
- treaty of mutual security
- treaty of neutrality
- treaty of nonaggression
- treaty of peace
- treaty of relations
- treaty of union
- treaty of unity
- treaty of unlimited duration
- treaty on the nonproliferation of nuclear weapons
- treaty on the non-use of force
- treaty provides for smth
- treaty remained in suspension
- tripartite treaty
- under the treaty
- unequal treaty
- unfair treaty
- unification treaty
- unilateral renunciation of a treaty
- union treaty
- unratified treaty
- vassal treaty
- verifiable treaty
- verification of compliance with the treaty - world treaty

ˈlɪbərəl
1. прил.
1) свободомыслящий, с широкими взглядами, без предрассудков She is known to have liberal views on divorce and contraception. ≈ Известно, что она без всяких предрассудков относится к разводу и применению противозачаточных средств. Syn: broad-minded
2) прогрессивный, свободный, либеральный a liberal democracy with a multiparty political system ≈ либеральная демократия с многопартийной политической системой
3) (Liberal) полит. либеральный (относящийся к либеральной партии)
4) гуманитарный liberal arts ≈ гуманитарные науки liberal education ≈ гуманитарное образование
5) а) обильный, щедрый a liberal meal ≈ обильная еда As always he is liberal with his jokes. ≈ Как всегда он неистощим на шутки. She made liberal use of her elder sister's make-up and clothes. ≈ Она весьма активно пользовалась косметикой и нарядами старшей сестры. Syn: generous б) щедрый, великодушный a liberal giver ≈ щедрый даритель Syn: open-handed, generous
6) свободный, нестрогий liberal translation ≈ вольный перевод Syn: loose
1.
7) уст. распущенный Syn: licentious
2. сущ.
1) либерал, человек, придерживающийся либеральных взглядов knee-jerk liberal ≈ либерал, от которых знаешь, чего можно ждать( не способные ни на что новое) staunch liberal ≈ убежденный либерал
2) (Liberal) полит. член партии либералов, либерал либерал, человек либеральных убеждений;
сторонник либерализма (L.) член партии либералов, либерал (особ. в Великобритании) с широкими взглядами;
свободомыслящий;
не связанный предрассудками либеральный;
прогрессивный, передовой( о взглядах и т. п.) щедрый, великодушный - * in praise щедрый на похвалы - to be a * giver щедро давать, дарить, жертвовать - to be * of promises не скупиться на обещания - the magazines were * with their space for his articles в журналах не жалели места для его статей обильный, щедрый, богатый - * helping солидная порция - * gift щедрый /богатый/ подарок - * table обильный стол;
широкое гостеприимство - * share большая доля - to make * provision for one's family полностью обеспечить свою семью гуманитарный - * education гуманитарное образование;
широкое общее образование (L.) либеральный, состоящий из членов либеральной партии - the L. government правительство либералов свободный, вольный, небуквальный - * interpretation вольное толкование( устаревшее) распущенный;
разнузданный( техническое) с запасом (прочности и т. п.) (устаревшее) присущий или подобающий свободному человеку, особ. дворянину liberal великодушный ~ гуманитарный ~ гуманитарный;
liberal arts гуманитарные науки;
liberal education гуманитарное образование ~ либерал ~ a (L.) полит. либеральный ~ либеральный ~ не связанный предрассудками ~ небуквальный, вольный;
liberal translation вольный перевод ~ небуквальный, вольный ~ обильный ~ с широкими взглядами ~ свободный ~ свободный от предрассудков;
свободомыслящий ~ свободный от предрассудков, свободомыслящий ~ свободомыслящий ~ (L.) полит. член партии либералов, либерал ~ щедрый, обильный ~ щедрый, обильный ~ гуманитарный;
liberal arts гуманитарные науки;
liberal education гуманитарное образование ~ гуманитарный;
liberal arts гуманитарные науки;
liberal education гуманитарное образование ~ небуквальный, вольный;
liberal translation вольный перевод

несовер. - толковать;
совер. - истолковать, потолковать
1) совер. - истолковать;
(что-л.) interpret;
expound, explain толковать неясные места ≈ to interpret abstruse passages толковать все в дурную сторону ≈ to put an ill construction on everything, to see everything in the worst light толковать закон ≈ to interpret the law ложно толковать ≈ to misinterpret, to misconstrue
2) (что-л. кому-л.) (объяснять) разг. explain (to) сколько ему ни толкуй, он ничего не понимает ≈ you can go on explaining till you're blue in the face, you won't make him understand;
it's a waste of time trying to explain things to him
3) (с кем-л. о ком-л./чем-л.) ;
совер. - потолковать (разговаривать) talk (with about) ;
(обсуждать) discuss( with) что тут много толковать ≈ it's no use talking about it, it's no use discussing it ∙ он все свое толкует ≈ he keeps on harping on the same string толкуют, будто ≈ people/they say that

1. [ʹlıb(ə)rəl] n 2. [ʹlıb(ə)rəl] a

1. сущ. 2. гл.
* * *
rule 80-20 law правило 80-20: правило, согласно которому менеджмент должен концентрироваться на производстве 20% товаров, которые приносят 80% доходов; = Pareto's law.

•• Глагол to embarrass (ставить в неудобное (неприятное, неловкое, унизительное) положение, смущать) обычно не вызывает трудностей в переводе на русский язык. Другое дело – с виду нетрудное и интуитивно понятное слово embarrassing (и наречие embarrassingly). Двуязычные словари, даже самые полные, все-таки не являются «словарями переводчика», и поэтому рассматривают данное слово как простое производное от глагола. Новый БАРС предлагает лишь два словосочетания – embarrassing question (нескромный вопрос) и вполне очевидное embarrassing situation. Достаточно, однако, взглянуть на несколько примеров из текущей периодики, чтобы убедиться, что слово это – из «первого ряда» по употребительности и весьма неудобное в переводе. Предлагаемые переводы по необходимости контекстуальны и, как обычно бывает в случаях со словами широкой семантики, далеко не единственно возможные.
•• 1. Public disclosure of murky events, however embarrassing, is essential (Tony Barber). - Совершенно необходимо, чтобы общество получало информацию, пусть даже самую неприятную, о разного рода «темных делах»;
•• 2. After sacking virtually every liberal remaining in the cabinet, announcing the budgetary decrees that promise an end to the policy of fiscal austerity and crushing a terrorist attack in Dagestan with an embarrassing show of brutality, Yeltsin could hardly feel certain of Washington’s reaction (Moscow Times). – Уволив практически всех еще остававшихся в правительстве либералов, издав несовместимые с политикой жесткой экономии указы по бюджетным вопросам и подавив с вызывающей жестокостью террористическое нападение в Дагестане, Ельцин уже вряд ли может быть уверен в том, какой будет реакция Вашингтона;
•• 3. Even now, Condé Nast’s profit margins are embarrassingly small (Fortune). – Прибыльность Конде Наст и сейчас остается неприлично низкой;
•• 4. The CIA’s Directorate of Operations... has drawn criticism and punishment for past failures, including the cases of confessed spy Aldrich Ames and embarrassing operations in Guatemala and France (Washington Post). – Оперативное Управление ЦРУ подверглось критике и было наказано за имевшие место провалы, в том числе в историях с признавшимся в шпионаже Олдриче Эймсе и со скандальными операциями в Гватемале и Франции;
•• 5. Take the embarrassing circumstances of Mrs. Albright’s address last Friday on Palestinian state radio, which was voiced over by an interpretation of uncertain quality (Wall Street Journal). – Вспомним, каким конфузом обернулось выступление г-жи Олбрайт по палестинскому государственному радио: его синхронный перевод был сомнительного качества;
•• 6. Пример из газеты USA Today, цитирующей устное высказывание рядового американца (кстати, американские газеты делают это гораздо чаще, чем наши): Clinton’s being dragged through plenty right now... To have your personal life put on display like that is embarrassing. – Клинтону сейчас несладко... Когда вашу личную жизнь полощут на глазах у всех, это унизительно.
•• Итак, набор лексических средств, которые могут пригодиться, очень разнообразен и даже разнороден: здесь и конфуз, и стыд, и скандал, и нечто неприятное, и вызывающее недоумение, и наконец унизительное. Но подыскать наиболее удачное слово в конкретном контексте бывает нелегко. Как видим, в английском языке есть слова, на первый взгляд не очень «дружелюбные» к переводчику, но в действительности очень симпатичные. См., например, community, credible, encourage, frustration, manage. Это – настоящая, идиоматическая английская речь.

- accidental error
- accounting error
- admissible error
- allowable error
- ascertainment error
- average error
- biased error
- billing error
- bookkeeping error
- calculation error
- casual error
- clerical error
- compensating errors
- composite error
- computational error
- computing error
- conspicuous error
- constant error
- crude error
- cumulative error
- data error
- decision error
- detectable error
- detected error
- dynamic error
- estimation error
- fabrication error
- forecast error
- forecasting error
- grave error
- gross error
- inherited error
- initial error
- in-process error
- inspection error
- instrumental error
- interpolation error
- interpretation error
- introduced error
- linear error
- line transmission error
- machine error
- manufacturing error
- mean error
- measuring error
- methodic error
- observation error
- obvious error
- office error
- parity error
- percentage error
- permissible error
- prediction error
- probable error
- programme error
- programming error
- random error
- random sampling error
- reasonable error
- recurrent error
- relative error
- repetitive error
- sample error
- sampling error
- serious error
- single error
- smoothing error
- statistical error
- systematic error
- tax error
- tolerated error
- total error
- typing error
- uncorrected error
- error in calculating
- error in calculation
- error in the design
- error in mean
- error in the price
- error in rounding off
- error in survey
- error of estimate
- error of law
- error of measurement
- error of specification
- errors and omissions
- errors and omissions excepted
- in error
- check for error
- commit an error
- correct an error
- do in error
- eliminate errors
- identify errors
- locate an error
- make an error
- prevent an error
- put right an error
- rectify an error
- trace an error
- warn against errors